Reviewed standard camera basics like depth of field, parts of the camera and how it can be affected by the aperture ring of your camera, and the factors involved in depth of field such as lens, depth of field and focal length from your subject.
Also reviewed things like exposure and how it can affect the image, especiallly when images are overexposed vs underexposed and how these can be read properly via a histogram. This in tandem was also reviewed with the classic Exposure Triangle and how it is affected with things such as shutter speed, ISO and Aperture.
Also reviewed ISO, with ISO being how sensitive a camera is to light but in digital photography also adding noise, in short it can be used as a hail mary to lighten your image as a last resort if you don’t want to sacrifice aperture or shutter speed but at the cost of adding more digital noise to your shot. Below being an example of a shot with a lot of digital noise from a high ISO, too fast of a shutter speed and a very tight aperture, resulting in a dark image with high amounts of digital noise.
As an example of this, in this rack focus shot from 007 Casino royale, the distance of the depth of field is very small with a low aperature focusing on your subject, with the foreground being obscured being closer to the camera then our other subject of the actor. This would be shot with a lens that allows for a very small wide aperture creating a shallow depth of field.
Next was simply reviewing full frames and cropped censor, with the difference being a crop censor cropping your frame for a tighter sense of view.
Next was going over things like shutter speed and the effects it has on an image, being higher shutter speeds capturing less light and tighter images and low shutter speeds capturing more light but more blurry “motion filled” images. An example of a high shutter speed image on the right with darker areas but less motion almost frozen in time, and the right image being a longer exposure low shutter speed that lets motion flow through it more.
Afterwards was the standards for NTSC Vs Pal and frame rates done throughout the industry. Showing how to get the cinematic feel.
Afterwards was going through lenses and lens angles, with wider angle lenses allowing for more information but having greater distortion, standard lenses (Usually 55mm) being closest to what our eyes see, Telphoto lenses being able to take shots at great distances away from the subject and narrowing the depth of field, Fisheye lenses being an ultra wide angle lens that creates a very heavy distortion outwards from the focal point, and macro leneses working at very short distances from the subject to capture maximum detail.
Next was simply a refresher on encoding and video formats, with standards being usually mp4’s for low compression with decent quality usually being used for web, and ProRes usually being the standard when delivering high quality commercials, streaming and HD Broadcast files.